Heat oil in a small saucepan over medium heat. Sauté garlic until fragrant, about 30 seconds. Add dried chili peppers, tomato purée, paste, and basil, stirring to combine. Lower heat and cover with a well-fitting lid, cooking until oil begins to separate from sauce. Season with salt and pepper to taste.
Bring water to boil in a large stock pot. Salt and cook pasta according to package instructions before draining. Combine with sauce and serve.